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Organic conversion

Benzene to nitrobenzene

1 step: substitution

Class 11, Chapter 9 Hydrocarbons

  1. BenzeneC₆H₆Arene
  2. Step 1

    conc. HNO₃ + conc. H₂SO₄

    323 to 333 K

    i

    Nitration: the nitronium ion is the electrophile; keep below 333 K to avoid dinitration.

    O−N+O
    NitrobenzeneC₆H₅NO₂Nitro compound

Exam answer

  1. Step 1: Benzene to nitrobenzene: conc. HNO₃ + conc. H₂SO₄, 323 to 333 K.
Why these reagents

Reagent and reason, step by step

  • Step 1: Benzene to nitrobenzene: conc. HNO₃ + conc. H₂SO₄, 323 to 333 K Nitration: the nitronium ion is the electrophile; keep below 333 K to avoid dinitration.
Questions

Benzene to nitrobenzene: quick answers

How many steps does it take to convert benzene to nitrobenzene?

1 step: Benzene, then nitrobenzene.

Which named reaction is used to convert benzene to nitrobenzene?

None of the steps has a name. They are substitution, so write the reagent and the condition for each step.

What is the reagent for step 1 of benzene to nitrobenzene?

Benzene to nitrobenzene: conc. HNO₃ + conc. H₂SO₄, 323 to 333 K. Nitration: the nitronium ion is the electrophile; keep below 333 K to avoid dinitration.

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